How large is Spain’s economy each year?

How to get close to this number

Multiply population by output per person. The country has just under fifty million people and a developed-economy output of a little under forty thousand dollars each. Population times per-capita output gives a figure just short of two trillion, which is where the answer sits. The per-person step is where most guesses go wrong: people either borrow an American income level and overshoot, or picture a poorer southern economy and undershoot.

The ranking is the useful context: roughly the twelfth largest economy in the world. That is the standard way to place a national economy, because absolute figures in trillions are hard to judge and a rank against known neighbours is not. Bear in mind the figure is converted from euros, so a stronger or weaker euro moves the dollar total and the ranking even when the economy itself has not changed.

The tourism share in the explanation is the structural feature: around an eighth of the economy, one of the highest of any developed country. An economy that depends on visitors to that degree is exposed to shocks that have nothing to do with its own productivity — which the collapse and recovery in the air travel question on this site describes from the other side.